A study to evaluate the incidence rate, risk factors and management of renal insufficiency in post cardiac catheterization patients: A Prospective Observational Study

Aim & Background:Cardiac catheterization is a medical procedure used to diagnose and treat certain heart conditions. During cardiac catheterization, a long, thin, flexible tube called a catheter is put into a blood vessel in patient’s arm, groin or upper thigh, or neck. It may be used to examine the heart valves. This study analyses the risk factors of renal insufficiency post cardiac catheterization.Materials and Methods:The research students attended ward rounds and included patients above 18 years with no history of previous cardiac catheterization. Informed consent was obtained from patients. Demographic details, laboratory values, type and reasons of cardiac catheterization were collected. The RFT values were documented pre and post cardiac catheterization. All the data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results:During a period of 6 months, a total number of 53 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Renal insufficiency was observed in 26.4% of the patients. Myocardial Infarction was the leading risk factor (50.94%). The major impressions from CAG were Triple Vessel Disease (39.61%). The most common advice after CAG was Medical Management (32.07%), frequently included Antiplatelets.Conclusion:This study highlights the incidence and risk factors associated with renal insufficiency following cardiac catheterization. Advanced age, comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension, and cardiac conditions like AWMI were found to be significant risk factors. NSTEMI was the common indication for CAG. One fourth proportion demonstrated elevated BUN and creatinine levels. Antiplatelets, anticoagulants, and statins formed the cornerstone of management.