ПРОБЛЕМЫ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА И ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ РЕЗЕРВУАРОВ В МНОГОЛЕТНЕМЕРЗЛЫХ ГРУНТАХ (КРИОГЕННЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ)

The development of new hydrocarbon fields is gradually shifting to the permafrost zone, where permafrost rocks are widespread. The construction and operation of tank farms in these conditions involve risks of degradation of frozen ground under thermal influence. This necessitates the development of special technical solutions to ensure the reliability, durability, and safety of tank equipment in challenging geocryological conditions.The article analyzes the practice of operating tank farms in the permafrost zone. It examines the design features of various types of tanks (RVSP, RVS, RVSPM, and spherical tanks) and underground storage facilities. Special attention is given to the risks of degradation of permafrost soils under the thermal influence of technological processes, and the catastrophic consequences of loss of bearing capacity of the foundations are demonstrated. The need to implement a set of preventive measures, including temperature monitoring and the use of special thermostabilization solutions, is emphasized to ensure the reliability and safety of tank facilities in cryogenic conditions.The paper considers technical solutions for thermal stabilization of the soils of the tank base in the conditions of the cryolithozone. The analysis of the multilayer thermal insulation structure using expanded polystyrene and a system of thermostabilizers (termosayfon) is performed. The high efficiency of multilayer thermal insulation structures for minimizing the thermal impact on the bases is established. Based on the results of the comparative analysis of construction technologies, the advantages of using underground tanks in the cryolithozone due to natural thermostabilization are revealed, while above-ground structures require the use of complex cooling systems. A set of recommendations is presented for monitoring the temperature regime and using active thermostabilization systems to prevent accidents caused by the degradation of frozen soils and to ensure the reliability and safety of tank farms in the permafrost zone.