Reconfigurable Nanoscale Material Display

Dynamic material arrays that combine programmable reconfiguration with direct structural readout could enable materials that both adapt their spatial organization and represent molecular information. DNA nanotechnology offers exceptional control over nanoscale organization, yet most DNA-templated material arrays are static, whereas dynamic DNA circuits typically rely on indirect ensemble readouts. Here, we present a Reconfigurable Material Display, implemented as REMBRANDT (REconfigurable Material-Based Representation of Addressable Nanoscale Display sTates), a DNA-origami platform that decouples structural assembly from programmable organization of nanoscale cargo. A 5 × 5 array of independently addressable DNA pixels organizes DNA-functionalized nanocargo, including gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, and ferritin, and programmably relocates them without reconstructing the underlying scaffold. Pixel encodings define programmable single- and multi-material display states, whereas DNA strand-displacement reactions rewrite cargo-pixel associations to produce sequential and reversible display-state transformations. Each display state is directly resolved by atomic force microscopy and electron microscopy at single-particle and single-display resolution. Programmable cargo relocation further visualizes predefined matrix operations as dynamically reconfigurable material patterns. By integrating programmable reconfiguration with direct structural readout, REMBRANDT establishes a material display in which molecular information is represented, updated, and visualized through nanocargo organization.