Communities for walkability: a mixed-methods study investigating walkability in rural areas using a citizen science approach

Abstract Introduction While strong evidence links the physical environment to walking behaviour, most research has focused on urban settings. Rural and regional communities, which often experience poorer health outcomes and lower activity levels, remain underrepresented. This study aimed to understand barriers and facilitators to walkability identified by rural communities. Methods This mixed method study used a citizen science approach to work with rural community members in assessing the walkability of their town and identifying priorities for action. The 66 Citizen Scientists across ten rural Tasmanian towns audited 80 street segments and collected multiple data sources, including quantitative audit tool data and qualitative data from open-ended audit responses, photographs, and community workshops. Fifty-six participants attended local workshops in each town to identify key issues, priorities, and potential solutions. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse quantitative data. Thematic analysis of workshop transcripts and photographs was conducted to explore facilitators and barriers to walkability in rural communities. Results Key barriers were lack of pedestrian infrastructure including absence of footpaths, lack of connectivity, crossings and signage; “You go around the corner and then the path just stops…” Safety concerns such as poorly maintained paths, physical obstructions, and high vehicle speeds, were also identified as barriers; “There was uneven pavement , I fell and shattered my wrist. I’m always nervous about walking anywhere.” Facilitators included well-maintained and connected footpaths, walking features, aesthetically pleasing environments, and diverse mixed land uses, such as beaches, parks, shops, and cafés that serve as walking destinations. Conclusions This study contributes to improving understanding of walkability in rural settings by highlighting the critical role of walking infrastructure, the contribution of the natural environment, and the importance of context specific solutions. While these findings mirror those from urban settings, their impacts may be amplified in rural areas due to limited alternative routes and fewer opportunities for physical activity. Overall, the results underscore the need for targeted investment in safe, connected pedestrian infrastructure and community informed planning to support walkability in rural towns.