Digital Leadership Skills Scale (DLSS) — Reproducibility Materials

Reproducibility materials for the development and initial internal-structure validation of the Digital Leadership Skills Scale (DLSS) for school principals, based on teacher perceptions. This repository supports the three analytic phases reported in the manuscript: Exploratory factor analysis (EFA; n = 298) Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; n = 471), including second-order and bifactor models and gender measurement invariance (Wu & Estabrook, 2016) Application / group comparisons (n = 313) Contents: polychoric correlation matrices for each phase, annotated R scripts (lavaan / semTools / psych; WLSMV estimation for ordinal items), and full sessionInfo() for software versioning. Scripts reproduce the reported fit indices, reliability (α, ω, CR, AVE), bifactor indices (ECV, ωH), and invariance results. Raw item-level data are not publicly deposited to protect participant confidentiality; they are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. License: CC-BY 4.0.