Valorization of Date Palm Waste in Al-Muthanna, Iraq as Low-Cost Adsorbent for Heavy Metal Removal: A Systematic Review - Ahmed Al-Burki

This systematic review investigates date palm agricultural waste in Al-Muthanna Governorate, Iraq (Samawah, Al-Rumaitha, Al-Khader) as low-cost adsorbent for heavy metal removal from water. The study analyzes 42 peer-reviewed papers on converting date palm pits, fronds and leaflets into activated carbon and biochar. Date pits achieve 145 mg/g Pb2+ capacity with 800-1200 m2/g BET surface area. A theoretical low-cost production pathway feasible for Samawah without advanced lab is proposed using traditional kiln carbonization (300-400C) and H3PO4 activation, relevant to oil refinery wastewater treatment. Author: Ahmed Mohammed Al-Burki, Vocational Student - Department of Oil Refining, Al-Muthanna, Iraq, [email protected]. License CC-BY 4.0.