Clinical Outcomes and Postoperative Complications of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Cross-sectional Study

Abstract Background Coronary artery disease is a leading cause of global mortality. Diabetes mellitus significantly increases the complexity of vascular disease and the risk of postoperative complications after coronary artery bypass grafting. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical profile, length of hospital stay, mortality rate, and spectrum of postoperative complications in patients with diabetes undergoing CABG at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung. Methods This descriptive, observational study with a retrospective cross-sectional design was conducted on patients with diabetes undergoing CABG at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, from January 2023 to June 2025. Sampling was conducted using a total sampling technique (n = 61). Data were systematically extracted from medical records. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0 to calculate frequency distributions, means with standard deviations, or median values according to data normality. Results The majority of subjects were male (67.2%) with a mean age of 62.43 ± 7.04 years. The median preoperative HbA1c level was 7.95% (5.3–14.4%), indicating suboptimal long-term glycemic control. The off-pump technique was used in 83.6% of cases. The median postoperative length of stay was 6 days (range 0–42 days). The in-hospital mortality rate was 23.0% (n = 14). The most prevalent postoperative complication was acute renal failure (36.1%), followed by respiratory failure (26.2%) and the need for re-intubation (18.0%). No periprocedural stroke or myocardial infarction (0%) was observed in the entire study population. Conclusions The median postoperative length of stay for patients with diabetes at this institution was 6 days. Findings indicated a clinical burden, with a 23.0% in-hospital mortality rate and high rates of acute renal failure and respiratory failure. The majority of subjects had suboptimal preoperative glycemic control, but no stroke or myocardial infarction was documented in this population.