Ball Lightning as a Constrained Topological Structure: The "Hollow Charged Bubble" Hypothesis

This paper proposes a matter-neutral formation theory for ball lightning. The core hypothesis is that ball lightning is a three-layer charged structure consisting of a "central vacuum -- ionic shell -- outer shielding layer." Its formation is a topological phase transition triggered by a giant fluctuation that pushes the local system to a zero-measure point in phase space, where five critical equations hold simultaneously. The model aligns completely with the Generalized Triadic Mutual Constraints in the Intrinsic Topological Dynamics framework.