Shared mechanisms and therapeutic horizons: exploring the potential interplay between benign prostatic hyperplasia/lower urinary tract symptoms and Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are two prevalent age-related disorders with significant global healthcare burdens. Traditionally viewed as distinct conditions, emerging evidence suggests that they may share common pathophysiological mechanisms, including chronic inflammation, endocrine dysregulation, metabolic dysfunction, cardiovascular impairment, and sleep disturbances. This review synthesizes current epidemiological, mechanistic, and therapeutic insights linking BPH and AD, with a focus on their overlapping risk factors and molecular pathways. Although most of the currently available evidence is observational and cannot establish causality, understanding these interactions could inform novel preventive and therapeutic strategies to mitigate the dual burden of neurodegenerative and urological conditions in older populations.