Explaining Fundamental Problems in Physics within the Framework of Physical Regimes Theory: Dark Matter, Galaxy Clusters, Quantum Physics, and Time

EducationDoctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.)Associate Degree in Medical Laboratory SciencesLocation: Shiraz, Iran . This supplementary paper expands the explanatory scope of Physical Regimes Theory by applying its fundamental structural framework to some of the most significant problems in modern physics, including dark matter, galaxy clusters, quantum phenomena, and the nature of time. The paper establishes physical regimes as a fundamental perspective for understanding the organization, behavior, and transformation of matter. It presents inter-regime gravitational interactions as a structural explanation for gravitational phenomena commonly attributed to dark matter and develops a new interpretation of the relationships underlying large-scale galactic structures. The framework further addresses quantum phenomena and measurement by examining how observation, information recording, and interactions between physical regimes shape the outcomes of physical processes. It also develops a structural interpretation of time in which temporal behavior is directly related to the directions and processes of matter transformation. By bringing these subjects together, this paper demonstrates the broader explanatory reach of Physical Regimes Theory and establishes connections between phenomena that are conventionally studied within separate areas of physics. This work is a direct theoretical extension of the main paper, Physical Regimes Theory: The Fundamental Structure of Matter, Time, and Cosmic Expansion, and develops its central framework through a unified examination of fundamental physical phenomena. "This paper is a direct theoretical extension of the main framework presented in 'Physical Regimes Theory: The Fundamental Structure of Matter, Time, and Cosmic Expansion' (Tofighi, 2026), which itself builds upon the earlier conceptual stages of the 'Mass Cone Hypothesis' (Tofighi, 2026)."