Frailty fractures in the elderly: Risk factors, prevention and clinical management

Frailty fractures in the elderly represent an important public health problem, associated with population aging, osteoporosis, and increased risk of falls. These injuries can significantly compromise mobility, autonomy, and quality of life, in addition to favoring hospitalizations, clinical complications, and functional dependence. This article aims to address the main risk factors, prevention strategies, and aspects related to the diagnosis and clinical management of frailty fractures in the elderly population. This is a narrative review of the literature, covering pathophysiological, epidemiological, and clinical aspects related to bone health, aging, and fracture prevention. Factors such as advanced age, female gender, low bone mineral density, history of fractures, sarcopenia, chronic diseases, use of medications, and environmental conditions predisposing to falls were discussed. Adequate nutrition, physical exercise, muscle strengthening, adaptation to the home environment, and early diagnosis of osteoporosis stand out as preventive strategies. Clinical evaluation, imaging tests, bone densitometry, and risk estimation tools are essential to guide the individualized approach. In addition, secondary prevention after the first fracture is an essential measure to reduce recurrences. It is concluded that coping with fragility fractures requires a multidisciplinary, integrated, and continuous approach, aiming to reduce complications, preserve functionality, and promote healthy aging.