A Panel Data Study of Economic Development and Carbon Emissions vs. Level of Green Investment

This study examined the relationship between economic development and carbon dioxide emissions across 15 emerging nations from 2000 to 2024, employing a fixed effects panel data set within the STIRPAT framework, then verified the legitimacy of the result via a 5-model sequential test. The findings confirm that all 15 sampled nations remain on the upward slope of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), with GDP per capita, population, and energy intensity emerging as the three dominant drivers of emissions growth.