Impact of HRM Systems on Whistleblowing in Pakistan's Banking Sector: The Mediating Role of Psychological Safety and the Moderating Role of Power Distance.

Purpose- This research explores the impact of both formal and informal human resource systems on whistleblowing within the banking industry of Pakistan, focusing on the role of psychological safety as a mediator and power distance as a moderator. Design/Methodology/Approach- This study is a quantitative research with survey method. Smart PLS-SEM was used to analyze the data in order to evaluate the measurement and structural models. Findings- Based on the results, it is concluded that formal HR systems, power distance and psychological safety are significant and positive factors for whistleblowing. The informal HR practices were revealed as unimportant. Psychological safety mediates the relationship between formal HR systems and whistleblowing and also moderates the relationship between power distance and whistleblowing. Originality/Value- This study advances our understanding of whistleblowing by offering a novel integration of HR practices, cultural dimensions and psychological safety as a basis for explaining whistleblowing behavior. It adds methodologically because of its use of PLS-SEM and provides practical insights by highlighting the significance of formal systems and supportive organizational climates.