High-resolution agricultural landscape models for selected agricultural regions across six European countries for use in the ALMaSS simulation framework

This data paper presents a harmonized set of spatial datasets describing 60 agricultural landscapes (10 × 10 km each) generated for selected agricultural regions across six European countries—Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and Poland—within the Horizon 2020 EcoStack project. These landscape datasets were developed for use within the Animal, Landscape and Man Simulation System (ALMaSS) and applied within an integrated modeling framework designed to identify management strategies that effectively enhance multiple beneficial organisms, i.e., ecosystem service providers, within European agroecosystems. All landscape models were generated following the methodology detailed in Ziółkowska et al. (2026). Because input data availability and structure varied among countries, the full set of data sources and the processing steps required to account for national and regional specificities are documented. All inputs were harmonized to a common structure, spatial resolution, and Type of Landscape Element (TOLE) legend to support comparability across landscapes. The resulting datasets capture major gradients in farmland structure, composition, and management intensity across Europe. They can support not only agent-based simulations and scenario analyses but also ecological modeling and biodiversity assessments more broadly. All landscape models, associated files, metadata, and landscape-window selection criteria are provided in an open, citable format to facilitate reuse and further development.