Keabsahan Emoji Jempol Sebagai Ṣīgah Akad Jual Beli Online di Indonesia Berdasarkan Kaidah al-‘Ādah Muḥakkamah

In online buying and selling, qabūl (acceptance) is no longer expressed solely through verbal statements but may also be conveyed through nonverbal communication, such as the use of the thumbs-up emoji. This phenomenon raises questions regarding the validity of the thumbs-up emoji as a ṣīghah (contractual expression) in online sales transactions. This study aims to analyze the use of the thumbs-up emoji as a ṣīghah in online buying and selling in Indonesia and to examine its validity based on the legal maxim al-'Ādah Muḥakkamah. This qualitative study employs library research using normative and conceptual approaches. The findings indicate that the thumbs-up emoji functions as a form of nonverbal communication and may serve as a ṣīghah of qabūl when used in a clear transactional context, preceded by ījāb (offer), and interpreted consistently by the contracting parties. Based on the legal maxim al-'Ādah Muḥakkamah, its use may be regarded as valid provided that it does not contradict Islamic law, has become an established custom in digital communication, is understood by the parties before the contract is concluded, and is not accompanied by statements that contradict its commonly accepted meaning. The findings provide practical guidance for online business actors and contribute to the development of contemporary Islamic jurisprudence on online sales contracts while helping minimize misunderstandings and ambiguity in commercial transactions.