A Comprehensive Review of Diabetic Wound Healing: Mechanism, Medicinal Plant and Therapeutic Approaches

Diabetes mellitus is a long-term metabolic disease which hinders wound healing and raises the chance of developing chronic diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), infections, and relapse. Chronic high blood glucose levels interfere with the normal process of wound repair by causing prolonged inflammation, oxidative stress, poor angiogenesis, peripheral neuropathy, and abnormal remodelling of the extracellular matrix. This review focuses on the possible benefits of medicinal plants, such as Rosmarinus officinalis, Punica granatum, Moringa oleifera, Curcuma longa, and Azadirachta indica, since these possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and possible glucose-regulating properties. The review also looks at conventional antidiabetic drugs, including metformin, DPP-4 inhibitors, pioglitazone, and GLP-1 receptor agonists, as these might help tissue repair by bringing about glycaemic control and by influencing the pathways related to inflammation, angiogenesis, and cellular regeneration. Even though promising results have been obtained, further clinical studies are still required to determine their safety, effectiveness, and value as additions to standard diabetic wound care.