Impact Assessment of Gas Flaring on Human Health and Housing in Eastern Obolo Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Gas flaring remains a persistent environmental challenge in Nigeria's Niger Delta, with profound implications for human health and housing infrastructure. This study assessed the impacts of gas flaring on health and housing in Eastern Obolo Local Government Area (LGA), Akwa Ibom State. The study was guided by three key objectives: to examine perceived health impacts, to assess housing degradation, and to analyse community perceptions and socio economic consequences. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, using a mixed methods approach. Data were collected from 382 respondents across five communities (Iko, Okorombokho, Okoroiti, Okoroete, and Kampa) using structured questionnaires, semi structured interviews, and field observations. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests, while qualitative data were analysed thematically. The findings revealed that respiratory conditions (coughing, mean=3.61; difficulty breathing, mean=3.54) and eye irritation (mean=3.77) were the most prevalent health impacts, with 64.7% of respondents identifying gas flaring as the primary cause of health problems. Chi square analysis confirmed a statistically significant association between proximity to flare sites and coughing prevalence (χ² = 28.72, df = 4, p < 0.001), with residents within 500m reporting the highest rates (83.7%). Housing impacts were severe, with 69.9% reporting rusting/corrosion of roofing sheets, 58.4% reporting soot deposits, and 67.6% requiring roof repairs annually or every 2-3 years. A statistically significant association was also found between community location and roof corrosion (χ² = 12.18, df = 4, p = 0.016), with Iko recording the highest prevalence (80.2%). The "two-year roof" phenomenon emerged as a stark indicator of accelerated material degradation. Healthcare expenditure was substantial, with 68% spending above ₦5,000 monthly, while 84.8% spent above ₦10,000 annually on housing maintenance. Community perceptions revealed strong consensus on the seriousness of flaring (mean=4.34), accountability demands (mean=4.40), and rejection of the claim that oil benefits outweigh harms (mean=2.24). Coping strategies adopted by households included staying indoors (46.6%), avoiding rainwater collection (40.8%), and saving for repairs (38.0%). The study concludes that gas flaring in Eastern Obolo constitutes a multidimensional crisis affecting health, housing, and socio-economic well-being, with households facing impossible trade-offs between healthcare, housing repairs, and basic needs. Recommendations include strengthening enforcement of anti-flaring regulations, investing in gas capture infrastructure, establishing healthcare and housing support programmes, and empowering communities through participation and access to information.