Capas faciales

Introduction: Nowadays, thanks to scientific advances, aesthetic medicine and surgery have experienced significant growth, with minimally invasive interventions being the most requested. Techniques such as botulinum toxin application, dermal fillers, and lifting procedures rely on a precise understanding of facial anatomy. This is a fundamental pillar for the practice of facial aesthetic medicine and surgery. Similarly, anatomical studies have deepened in recent years, describing new facial anatomical structures that enable better results in facial rejuvenation procedures. The anatomy of the aged face: a review. Published in the Journal of Facial Plastic Surgery in 2016 by Dr. Cotofana. Understanding the different layers and facial structures allows for minimizing complications and optimizing results in aesthetic procedures. Objective: The objective of this article is to provide a detailed review of the facial layers and their relationship with the anatomical structures of the face, especially those related to facial aesthetic medicine and surgery procedures. The aim is to highlight the importance of their localization and how mastering these anatomical areas can improve the safety and effectiveness of treatments. Materials and Methods: This article is based on a review of the scientific literature on facial anatomy and its relationship with aesthetic procedures. Studies, clinical guidelines, and expert references were included, addressing the anatomy of the skin, muscles, superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), and underlying layers of the face. Particular emphasis was placed on the implications of these structures for aesthetic interventions. A narrative review was conducted using updated sources obtained from databases such as PubMed, Ovid, Science, and Wiley Online Library. Studies on facial anatomy, the applications of hyaluronic acid, and complications related to aesthetic procedures were included. Results: The review highlighted that the primary anatomical structures to consider are the skin, subcutaneous tissue, facial muscles, SMAS, deep fascia, facial nerve, and underlying bones. The necessity of a profound understanding of the anatomical localization of facial layers for the correct application of aesthetic treatments was evidenced. The importance of personalized techniques according to the facial morphology of each patient and the analysis of tissues affected by aging was emphasized, improving results and reducing complications such as material migration, vascular obstruction, and unwanted side effects.