Characteristics of neurodiversity-affirming occupational therapy for children and youth: a scoping review

Purpose The neurodiversity paradigm is emerging in the literature and encourages occupational therapists to adopt a neurodiversity-affirming (NDA) perspective to practice. The characteristics of NDA practice for youth are underexplored, with limited clarity around what constitutes affirming therapeutic support. The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of the literature pertaining to NDA occupational therapy to answer the question: what does the literature tell us about the characteristics of NDA occupational therapy for children and youth? Design/methodology/approach The authors used the Joanna Briggs Institute and Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review framework. The authors used a three-step search strategy to identify evidence sources across Taylor and Francis, CINAHL Ultimate, Google and Google Scholar. Data analysis included quantitative and qualitative content analysis. Findings The findings were grouped into the characteristics of the evidence sources and the characteristics of NDA occupational therapy for children and youth. NDA occupational therapy involved: a strengths-based approach, supporting access and inclusion and prioritising client-led meaningfulness. Practice approaches included task and environmental adaptations and coaching and education. Originality/value The scoping review summarises the evidence regarding NDA occupational therapy for children and youth and provides an overview of therapy approaches that align with NDA practice. Although NDA children and young people’s occupational therapy bears similarities to traditional practice, there are distinct differences. These include NDA practice’s emphasis on task or environmental adaptations, and education and coaching, rather than prioritising skill development.