Ecosystem Based Environmental Control for Sustainable Coastal Zone Climate Mitigation

The development of sustainable coastal tourism is essential for promoting regional growth while preserving marine ecosystems. Emissions of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) are a primary cause of global warming, which disturbs the balance of marine ecosystems and threatens biodiversity. This research proposes a model to reduce GHG levels through Mangrove Planting and Nutrient Waste Management in coastal zones, which serve as the main control strategies for addressing the environmental challenges. The proposed model develops previous marine ecosystem models by incorporating an additional oxygen variable, so that the system can represent marine environmental conditions more comprehensively. As a result, the model includes five main components, atmospheric GHG concentration, rising temperatures, plankton and fish populations, and oxygen levels in seawater. Its goal is to maintain a healthy marine environment with moderate temperatures, low acidity, sufficient oxygen, and adequate food sources. Simulation results show that implementing control measures over 20 years can reduce GHG growth and help stabilize marine temperatures. The results also indicate that the inclusion of oxygen dynamics provides a broader ecological perspective in evaluating the effectiveness of the control strategies. This ecosystem-based management model provides a practical approach to climate change mitigation and supports environmental sustainability efforts. Furthermore, the research offers a scientific foundation for coastal tourism policies that prioritize ecosystem protection and sustainable destination development. The findings align with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially climate action (SDG 13) and life below water (SDG 14), and contribute to evidence-based strategies for managing coastal tourism and environmental resilience.