Investigation of the Phenolic Components of Damkorugu (Petrosedum sediforme) by Analytical Methods and Evaluation of its Cytotoxic Effect on MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 Cell Lines

Petrosedum sediforme (P. sediforme), a member of the Crassulaceae family, is one of the 33 sedum species native to Türkiye. Commonly known as “damkorugu”, this plant thrives in rocky areas and is often referred to as the “golden herb” due to the golden yellow hue of its flowers. The study aimed to analyze the bioactive compounds in the flowers, stems, buds, and leaves of P. sediforme and determine their cytotoxic effects on MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines. This study utilized ultrasonic-assisted extraction with two solvent mixtures: glycerol-water (50%; v/v) and methanol-water (50%; v/v). The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was measured using spectroscopic techniques, specifically the ABTS, CUPRAC, and FRAP assays. The total phenolic content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) method. The methanol-water extract of P. sediforme flowers (FMWE) exhibited the highest total phenolic content, measuring 111.52±2.06 mg GAE/g dry weight (DW). HPLC-DAD was employed to analyze the phenolic compounds in each extract, identifying components such as kaempferol 3-β-D-glucoside, resveratrol, quercetin 3-β-D-glucoside, isorhamnetin, and hyperoside. The methanol-water extract was further tested against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines to evaluate its anti-growth activity using the Sulforhodamine B colorimetric assay. The results indicated IC50 values of 9.83 μg/mL for the MCF-7 cell line and 41.63 μg/mL for the MDA-MB-231 cell line. The extract demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect on both cell lines, with the degree of inhibition dependent on the concentration of the extract.