Overall knowledge regarding the concept and implementation of advanced practice in physiotherapy worldwide: a mapping review

Introduction Advanced practice in physiotherapy (APP) is a worthful fast-growing level of practice, but its changing nature complicates understanding, models creation and implementation worldwide. This mapping review aimed to synthesize, in a unique way, existing less explored knowledge on inconsistencies in APP definitions, conditions of emergence, required competencies, and implementation key factors, while identifying gaps for future research.Methods A comprehensive search was conducted in 4 databases (PubMed, EMBASE, PeDro, and the Cochrane Library) between August and December 2024, complemented by a snowball approach and updated through March 2026. Two independent reviewers selected and assessed 265 articles. A narrative synthesis was conducted from extracted major categories corresponding to the aims of this review.Results Conditions for APP emergence vary but are organic and functional, shaping definitions, dimensions, and skill requirements. No standardized APP creation or implementation model was identified. Key factors of APP models creation and implementation operate at multiple levels, including policy frameworks, organizational structures, and psychosocial dynamics.Discussion Suggesting key dimensions of APP can be relevant to overcome definitions inconsistencies. Future frameworks should emphasize adaptability of educational pathways. Successful implementation requires flexibility, political and financial support, adequate human resources, and stakeholder collaboration.