Clinical Presentation and Risk Factors in Relation to Histological Types of Endometrial Cancer among Sudanese Patients at Omdurman Maternity Hospital Sudan

Background and aim: Endometrial cancer is a rising gynecological malignancy, particularly in low- and middle-income countries including Sudan. The study aimed to assess the relationship between clinical presentation, risk factor and the type of endometrial cancer, in Sudanese ladies.Methods: This is a descriptive hospital based prospective study conducted at gynecology department of Omdurman Maternity Hospital (March to September 2022). The study sample was 120 women fulfilled inclusion criteria of the study. Data was collected using a questionnaire filled with the women after taking informed consent.Results: The histopathological types of endometrial cancer were serous carcinoma 69(57.5%), endometrial adenocarcinoma 33(27.5%) and endometrial adenocarcinoma with squamous differentiation 18(15%). The clinical presentations of endometrial cancer were postmenopausal bleeding 37(30.9%), abdominal pain and mass 27(22.5%), irregular menstruation 20(16.7%), pelvic pain 10(8.3%), abnormal vaginal discharge 10(8.3%), intra menstrual bleeding 9(7.5%) and heavy menstrual bleeding 7(5.8%). The clinical presentations that significantly associated with the common type (serous carcinoma was postmenopausal bleeding, and that significantly associated with adenocarcinoma with differentiation was abdominal pain mass (P value < 0.05). risk factors of endometrial cancer were nulliparity 56(46.7%), polycystic ovary syndrome 30(25%), hormonal replacement therapy 27(22.5%), contraceptive use 22(20.8%), infertility 24(20%), endometritis 22(18.3%), pelvic inflammatory disease 21(17.5%), obesity 19(15.8%), age above 50 years 18(15%) and family history of cancers 10(8.3%). The risk factors that significantly associated with serous carcinoma were age above 50 years, nulliparity and endometritis, and that associated with adenocarcinoma with squamous differentiation were polycystic ovary syndrome and pelvic inflammatory disease (P value < 0.05).Conclusion: The study concluded that the histopathological types of endometrial cancer were serous carcinoma, endometrial adenocarcinoma and endometrial adenocarcinoma with squamous differentiation, which were significantly associated with clinical presentations such as postmenopausal bleeding, and age above 50 years, nulliparity and endometritis, polycystic ovary syndrome and pelvic inflammatory disease. hysterectomy. Keywords: Endometrial cancer, Gynecological malignancy.