Force-Transmission-Enhanced Dual-Modal Piezoelectric Sensing for Monitoring and Analysis of Cardiovascular Health State

Abstract Monitoring and analyzing cardiovascular health status can reduce the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases, yet this is difficult to implement with current technologies due to the limited information dimensions of single-node sensors and poor skin–sensor biomechanical coupling. To address these issues, this work innovatively constructs a flexible piezoelectric sensing pair (FPSP) mainly composed of BTO/P(VDF-TrFE) piezoelectric nanofiber and a force-transfer-enhanced structure, which can simultaneously capture pulsation signals from the brachial artery and heartbeat. Personalized force-transmission layers with different Young's moduli were designed specifically for the pulsation signal characteristics of the brachial artery and heartbeat to increase the sensing area for pulse signals and reduce transmission loss of heartbeat signals, respectively. The acquired dual-modal data contain richer physiological information compared to single-node data, enabling accurate calculation of pulse transit time. In addition, across various neural network architectures, models trained using dual-modal data achieved significantly higher classification accuracy for common cardiovascular diseases than those trained using single-node data, and they also performed excellently in cardiovascular health prediction tasks. This work not only proposes a new strategy for optimizing wearable sensor performance by enhancing biomechanical coupling but also provides a promising technical framework for the precise analysis and continuous monitoring of cardiovascular health.