Tourism's Provisioning Base: Enclave Resilience and the Displacement of Vulnerability

Tourism resilience research typically treats the firm or the destination as the unit that recovers, and says little about the systems on which both draw. This conceptual note introduces the provisioning base, the shared systems and social arrangements on which tourism depends: water, energy, housing, health, transport and digital systems, migrant and seasonal labor, and unpaid care. It then proposes enclave resilience, in which firms protect their operations through private substitution or cost shifting that displaces vulnerability onto other users or shared systems, through resource competition or reduced support for repair, and that may feed back into the vulnerability of the shared system. The processes involved are established in work on exit and voice, splintering infrastructure, maladaptation and enclave tourism. The contribution is an explanatory framework that combines cross-scale divergence, private substitution and feedback, and extends existing accounts to labor, care and seasonal demand. Because private provision can be harmless bypass, the concept is bounded by scope conditions and set against two rival accounts, infrastructural catalysis and prior state failure. Three propositions are stated with refuting evidence and probed with indicative cases from Phuket and Spain. The note offers propositions for testing, not findings.