Factors Associated with Quality of Life among Women Living with HIV in Bali

Introduction: Women living with HIV (WLHIV) face greater social, economic, and psychological burdens than men, which directly affect their quality of life. This study aimed to examine factors associated with quality of life among women living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Bali, Indonesia. Methods: This quantitative cross-sectional study included 197 women receiving ART in Jembrana and Gianyar districts, Bali. Data were collected through structured interviews using the WHOQOL-HIV BREF questionnaire and analyzed using ordinal logistic regression (ologit) in Stata 17. Quality of life (QoL) was categorized as high, moderate, or low. Results: Most respondents (90.4%) had low quality of life. Factors significantly associated with quality of life included educational attainment (β = −0.958, AOR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.20–0.74, p = 0.005), employment status (β = −1.37, AOR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.06–0.94, p = 0.040), medication adherence support (β = 0.39, AOR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.01–2.17, p = 0.040), and a history of forgetting antiretroviral medication (β = 4.61, AOR = 100.76, 95% CI: 6.31–1610.08, p = 0.001). Lower educational attainment and unemployment were associated with poorer quality of life, whereas treatment adherence and medication adherence support were associated with better well-being among women living with HIV. Conclusion: A holistic approach integrating medical, psychosocial, and family support may help improve quality of life among women living with HIV and support adaptation to chronic illness. Promotive and preventive interventions should focus on strengthening family and peer support, expanding health education, and addressing social stigma to help women living with HIV maintain optimal QoL.