Circular building adaptability strategies in adaptive reuse: from exploration to design

Purpose Fostering circular building adaptability (CBA) in adaptive reuse can contribute to reducing waste, enhancing flexibility and adding value to building assets. However, promoting CBA in adaptive reuse projects is still emerging, and knowledge about the effectiveness and applicability of design strategies needs further research. This study aims to explore and reflect on the applicability and effectiveness of design-oriented circular building adaptability strategies (CBASs) in the real world. Design/methodology/approach A two-pronged approach was adopted, combining case study and research through design. This approach involved mixed-research methods, namely literature review, archival research, in-depth interviews, questionnaires and design workshops. The applicability and effectiveness of design-oriented CBA strategies were explored in three heritage circular adaptive reuse projects, namely a hospital, a school and a commercial building. We followed the exploration with design experimentation in another transformation project of a heritage school into a residential building. Findings The three most applicable and effective strategies in adaptive reuse are opening floor plans, creating multi-purpose spaces and aligning the interconnection between floor plans. On the other hand, designing for mixed-use, modularizing spatial configuration and designing for surplus capacity have been deemed the least effective and applicable ones. Observations from the design experimentation point out that raising awareness of the CBA among professionals is essential for its promotion in adaptive reuse to bridge the gap between theory and practice. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature on adaptive reuse and CBA by providing insights into the applicability and effectiveness of CBASs triangulated with design observations.