Gauge-Equivalent Optical-Force Representation of the Schwarzschild Metric via Isotropic Vacuum Fluctuations

This paper proposes an alternative, non-geometric representation of the linearized Schwarzschild metric. We model the quantum vacuum as a compressible, polarizable medium. The effective refractive index is derived, and the exact 1/r asymptotic potential is obtained. The model also explains galactic rotation curves without invoking dark matter.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-11-04
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23952160
Primary Topic
Relativity and Gravitational Theory
Type
preprint
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preprint

Gauge-Equivalent Optical-Force Representation of the Schwarzschild Metric via Isotropic Vacuum Fluctuations

Alexander Soklakov
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Relativity and Gravitational Theory
preprint

Gauge-Equivalent Optical-Force Representation of the Schwarzschild Metric via Isotropic Vacuum Fluctuations

Alexander Soklakov
preprint en

Abstract

This paper proposes an alternative, non-geometric representation of the linearized Schwarzschild metric. We model the quantum vacuum as a compressible, polarizable medium. The effective refractive index is derived, and the exact 1/r asymptotic potential is obtained. The model also explains galactic rotation curves without invoking dark matter.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Relativity and Gravitational Theory
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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Gauge-Equivalent Optical-Force Representation of the Schwarzschild Metric via Isotropic Vacuum Fluctuations — Alexander Soklakov · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS