Effects of blue light exposure on the retina of mice

Abstract Blue light, a high-energy component of the visible spectrum, has drawn attention because of the intensive use of electronic devices with LED screens. This wavelength, upon penetrating ocular structures such as the cornea, lens, and retina, can induce the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), promote oxidative stress, and compromise cellular integrity. In this study, 25 mice ( Mus musculus – C57BL/6J Unib) were exposed to blue light (32–78 lux) during the nighttime period, from 7 p.m. to 7 a.m., for 21 days, and divided into five experimental groups (n = 5). The control group was maintained under ambient light, whereas the other groups were exposed to blue light, with or without a photoprotective filter, for 2 or 12 hours daily. The retina was evaluated for oxidative status and histological alterations. The results revealed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in ROS production after 2 hours of exposure, accompanied by a reduction in ACAP and CAT levels, as well as a decrease in lipid peroxidation (LPO). Histological analyses revealed no structural (p > 0.05) or pathological alterations in the retinal layers. The tested photoprotective agent demonstrated the potential to mitigate the effects of blue light. Although exposure to blue light at levels that simulate everyday conditions induces oxidative stress, retinal antioxidant defenses are effective in preventing damage.