NON-EMPTY SPACE: THE OPERATING PRINCIPLE OF PLANCK GRAVITY CELLS (Space, physical quantities, and motion from stellar scales to the universe)

This paper presents the foundational principles of the Planck Gravity (PG) framework regarding the non-empty, discrete nature of space and the relativity of macro-physical quantities. Rather than treating space as a passive void, PG conceptualizes it as an operating substrate woven from discrete Gravitational Planck (GP) cells whose apparent sizes vary based on local matter density and environment. Under the axiom of an invariant microscopic dwell time (t_dwell) for light within each cell, the physis of lengths, the speed of light, photon wavelengths, and masses are shown to be relative quantities derived from the cell-grid geometry. The paper develops these principles into a multi-layer field overlap mechanism, where the relative dominance of galactic fields transitions into the primordial background field of cosmic scales. This structural framework provides a deterministic, dark-matter-free interpretation of galactic kinematics, while introducing a pre-specified, falsifiable environmental test capable of checking the core mechanism against late-universe SNe Ia data to address the Hubble tension. Hồ Trung Tú [email protected]