PERCEPTION OF BASIC LEGAL VALUES BY SOCIAL GROUPS

The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that modern society is characterized by cultural diversity and, moreover, by the interpenetration and confrontation of cultures of different types. This also applies to the political and legal sphere. Despite the variety of interpretations of legal culture presented in the scientific literature, it should be said that not all of them adequately reflect the political and legal reality of our time. Such interpretations include, in particular, those that view culture from an incorrectly interpreted systemic perspective. By covering as many elements of the legal system, legal awareness and behavior as possible, such interpretations actually overlook the most essential element of culture — the value element. The concepts of culture, understood in this way, form the average ideal of a law-abiding citizen, focused on “correct behavior” and knowledge of current legislation, which, in the opinion of the authors, is completely insufficient. The main goal — to present a variety of perceptions of legal values (equality, freedom, justice), equality by representatives of the main population groups. The problems under consideration. The main problem is seen in the absence of models of political and legal culture adequate to the current state of Russian society. For a number of years, the authors of the article have used a model based on the concept of G. Almond and S. Verba, highlighting three types of legal culture: civil, subordinate and transitional. Taking into account the evolution of Russian society over the past 20 years, it was concluded that this model does not fully correspond to modern realities. The methods used. The authors, understanding legal culture as a normative value system that determines the behavior of individuals and social groups in the political and legal sphere, apply axiological and sociological approaches to the analysis of legal values. This paper presents empirical indicators used in the development of a sociological research model, reflecting the value orientations of different population groups. The theoretical significance of the work is determined by the identification of specific types of political and legal culture and their carriers, followed by verification of the theoretical model by empirical data. The practical significance lies in the fact that knowledge of specific behavioral attitudes in the field of law provides more accurate guidelines for legal scholars involved in law-making, law enforcement and educational activities. Conclusions. Legal values in the mass consciousness are present in the form of specific modifications and can serve as guidelines for behavior in the legal field. Each of the basic values — freedom, justice, equality — has different interpretations, which serves as the basis for further differentiation of types of right-wing culture. Perceptions of legal values have a sociohistorical basis and are determined by different technologies of legal culture formation. The main options are objective (focusing on knowledge of laws and law-abiding behavior) and subjective (focusing on activity in protecting one’s own interests, using legal institutions both state and non-state).