The Principle of Information Set Superposition: An Empirical Study on the Nature of Superposition States and Observational Collapse

In traditional quantum mechanical interpretations, "superposition states" are often understood as physical objects simultaneously existing in multiple mutually exclusive states, and "observational collapse" is understood as an abrupt change of the physical ontology during observation. This paper points out that this understanding confuses the physical ontological layer with the information derivative layer, incorrectly projecting the coexistence of multiple candidates at the information level as an objective superposition of the physical ontology. Building upon the "Ontology-Information Dichotomy Framework" and the "Principle of Ontological Statistical Convergence," this paper proposes the Principle of Information Set Superposition: The physical ontology always maintains a unique truth value, and there is no state branching at the ontological level. The so-called superposition of multiple possibilities is the coexistence of multiple candidate results within the observer's information set under the condition of an information gap ; as effective information is input ( decreases), eliminates contradictory candidates and continuously contracts; when information is complete , collapses to a single truth value. This paper designs four groups of lottery jar controlled experiments (different prior information groups, zero-information blind state group, incremental information group, false information group). Keeping the physical ontology constant, only the information input to the observer is altered to empirically demonstrate that the possibility set is constructed by information pruning. This paper reinterprets the information essence of Schrödinger's cat as a typical case, and strictly states: if one assumes ontological superposition in microscopic quantum systems, independent experimental evidence is required; however, regarding phenomena alone, the information set mechanism can perfectly reproduce all observations. The main text strictly strips away subjective consciousness and free will, relegating them only as an independent philosophical extension in the Appendix.