Toxicidade do lixiviado de resíduos de cigarros eletrônicos para dois invertebrados aquáticos: Artemia salina e Echinometra lucunter

Electronic cigarettes (ECs) constitute complex waste products with the potential to release contaminants through leaching. This study evaluated the toxicity of EC leachate to Artemia salina and Echinometra lucunter. Foam from a discarded EC was subjected to leaching. In A. salina, mortality, emergence, and hatching were assessed, whereas embryo-larval development was evaluated in E. lucunter. In A. salina, mortality increased, with a NOEC of 1.0 g L⁻¹, a LOEC of 1.1 g L⁻¹, and a 48-h LC50 of 1.337 g L⁻¹, while hatching decreased at the highest concentrations. In E. lucunter, abnormal development increased, with a LOEC of 0.1 g L⁻¹ and a 36-h EC50 of 0.883 g L⁻¹. These results demonstrate lethal and sublethal effects and reinforce the importance of using different organisms in ecotoxicological assessments.