Neurodiversity at Work: Creating Management Practices and Environments Where Individuals with Autism, ADHD, and Dyslexia Can Thrive

This paper presents a comprehensive, multi-disciplinary analysis of neurodiversity in the workplace, arguing that current management practices, which are largely based on a pathological and accommodation-focused model, are fundamentally inadequate. We introduce the Neuropluralistic Organizational Ecosystem Model (NOEM), a novel theoretical framework that reconceptualizes neurodiversity not as a set of deficits to be managed, but as a form of cognitive diversity that is essential for organizational resilience, innovation, and performance. Drawing on an extensive review of literature from neuroscience, psychology, sociology, and management science, we synthesize empirical data to demonstrate the profound economic and social costs of the current paradigm, evidenced by unemployment rates for autistic adults reaching as high as 85%. We then propose the Triadic Neurodiversity Integration Framework, a practical, three-stage model for organizational transformation that moves from structural redesign to cognitive capitalism and epistemic justice. This paper provides empirical validation for the high return on investment (ROI) of neurodiversity programs, showing that a majority of accommodations are zero-cost and that inclusive teams can be up to 30% more productive. We present a series of novel research propositions, including the Cognitive Diversity Threshold and the Disclosure Obsolescence Hypothesis, to guide future inquiry. By integrating the biopsychosocial model with ecological systems theory, we offer a new, holistic understanding of neurodiversity at work. This paper concludes with a call for a paradigm shift: from viewing neurodivergent individuals as a problem to be solved, to recognizing them as a vital source of the cognitive diversity that will drive the future of work.