SAP Joule and Enterprise AI Agent Interoperability Architecture

Enterprises are increasingly adopting SAP Joule alongside custom AI agents, third-party copilots, orchestration platforms, business applications, and data services. Without a common interoperability architecture, these components can create duplicated capabilities, inconsistent context, weak identity propagation, fragmented tool access, and governance gaps. This paper proposes a SAP Joule and Enterprise AI Agent Interoperability Architecture that defines interaction patterns across SAP and non-SAP systems. The architecture addresses agent identity, delegated authorization, semantic context, business APIs, events, SAP BTP services, SAP Integration Suite, SAP Business Data Cloud, tool registries, orchestration, observability, and policy enforcement. It introduces interoperability layers for user experience, agent coordination, context and knowledge, business capabilities, integration, security, governance, and monitoring. The proposed approach enables organizations to combine SAP Joule with enterprise AI agents while preserving business semantics, authorization boundaries, auditability, reuse, and platform independence.