Pharmacognostical and Antimicrobial activity of Methanolic extract of Neolamarckia cadamba bark

Neolamarckia cadamba is an important medicinal plant belonging to the family Rubiaceae and has been traditionally used for the management of several health conditions. Different parts of the plant, particularly the bark, have received considerable attention because of their medicinal properties. The plant contains various phytoconstituents, including alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, saponins, glycosides, steroids, and triterpenoids. Several pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antianemic, hepatoprotective, wound-healing, and antimicrobial effects, have been reported. Among these, the antimicrobial potential of A. cadamba is of particular interest due to the increasing need for natural antimicrobial agents. This review summarizes the botanical and pharmacognostic characteristics, traditional uses, phytochemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and antimicrobial potential of A. cadamba. It also highlights the importance of chromatographic and marker-based standardization and discusses future research opportunities for establishing its therapeutic and quality-control potential.