PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN VOKASIONAL PEMESINAN ADAPTIF BERBASIS WIRAUSAHA STEAM MOTOR BAGI PENYANDANG DISABILITAS

Inclusive vocational education and training must advance beyond mere access provision toward intentional instructional designs, performance assessments, practical environments, and personalized support systems that empower students with disabilities to demonstrate competence. This article delineates the initial design and developmental framework of an adaptive vocational learning model for machining based on steam motor entrepreneurship. Applying the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) research and development methodology, this stage focuses on functional needs analysis, conceptual modeling, and instructional prototype development. The core refinement shifts instruction away from rigid deficit-based categories toward individualized functional profiles, analyzing tasks across motoric, sensory, cognitive, communicative, and occupational safety demands. The developed instructional package comprises structured modules, visually adapted job sheets, multi-step video prompts, and tiered rubrics calibrated into three dynamic support levels: independent, with assistance, and simulation. The primary outcome provides an evidence-informed pedagogical blueprint directly linking adaptive mechanical tasks with entrepreneurship competencies and rigorous high-pressure safety procedures. Serving as an initial development report, this study presents a validated conceptual framework for inclusive vocational educators preparing youths with disabilities for competitive or self-directed vocational pursuits. ABSTRAK Pendidikan dan pelatihan vokasional yang inklusif perlu bergerak melampaui penyediaan akses menuju rancangan pembelajaran, asesmen, lingkungan praktik, dan dukungan yang memungkinkan peserta didik penyandang disabilitas menunjukkan kompetensinya secara optimal. Artikel ini mendeskripsikan kerangka pengembangan awal model pembelajaran vokasional pemesinan adaptif berbasis wirausaha steam motor bagi penyandang disabilitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian dan pengembangan (research and development) model ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) yang dibatasi hingga tahap perancangan dan purwarupa perangkat (Development). Fokus penyempurnaan model menggeser pendekatan berbasis kategori disabilitas menuju asesmen fungsional individual melalui pemetaan tugas berdasarkan tuntutan motorik, sensorik, kognitif, komunikasi, serta keselamatan kerja. Perangkat yang dikembangkan mencakup modul terstruktur, lembar kerja visual, panduan video bertahap, dan rubrik asesmen kinerja dengan tiga tingkat gradasi dukungan. Hasil pengembangan menghasilkan rancangan model konseptual dan instrumen pemetaan tugas yang mengintegrasikan akomodasi yang layak serta kepatuhan prosedur keselamatan kerja bertekanan tinggi. Sebagai laporan pengembangan awal (developmental report), artikel ini menawarkan cetak biru pedagogis adaptif yang memadukan keterampilan operasional pencucian kendaraan bermotor dengan bekal kesiapan rintisan usaha mandiri.