ADVERSITY QUOTIENT DAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIS DALAM PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING BERBANTUAN LIVE WORKSHEET: KAJIAN LITERATUR SISTEMATIS

The low mathematical problem-solving ability of Indonesian lower secondary students calls for inquiry that considers not only instructional models but also students' persistence when facing difficult tasks. This article synthesises research on the relationships among Adversity Quotient (AQ), mathematical problem solving, Problem-Based Learning (PBL), and Live Worksheet-based digital worksheets. A qualitative systematic literature review was conducted on 18 publications from 2018 to 2026 selected through inclusion criteria and examined using six-phase thematic analysis. Four themes emerged. First, AQ types (climber, camper, quitter) consistently correspond to how far students progress through Polya's stages. Second, AQ contributes meaningfully but is not the sole determinant, so the design of the learning environment remains decisive. Third, PBL acts as a structured space of difficulty and generally benefits junior high school students' problem solving, although effect sizes vary. Fourth, digital worksheets provide scaffolding and immediate feedback that may support medium- and low-AQ students, yet current evidence relies mostly on short-term designs that do not disaggregate results by AQ. Future studies are recommended to treat AQ as a moderating variable in PBL implemented with digital worksheets at the junior high school level. ABSTRAK Rendahnya kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa sekolah menengah pertama di Indonesia menuntut kajian yang tidak hanya melihat model pembelajaran, tetapi juga daya juang siswa ketika berhadapan dengan soal yang sulit. Artikel ini bertujuan menyintesis temuan penelitian mengenai keterkaitan Adversity Quotient (AQ), kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis, model Problem Based Learning (PBL), dan lembar kerja digital berbasis Live Worksheet. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain kajian literatur sistematis. Korpus terdiri atas 18 publikasi terbitan 2018–2026 yang dipilih berdasarkan kriteria inklusi, kemudian dianalisis melalui analisis tematik enam fase. Hasil sintesis memunculkan empat tema. Pertama, tipe AQ (climber, camper, quitter) secara konsisten memetakan sejauh mana siswa mampu menempuh tahapan Polya. Kedua, AQ berkontribusi nyata tetapi bukan penentu tunggal, sehingga rancangan lingkungan belajar tetap memegang peran besar. Ketiga, PBL berfungsi sebagai ruang kesulitan yang terstruktur dan secara umum berdampak positif terhadap pemecahan masalah siswa SMP, meskipun besarnya dampak bervariasi. Keempat, lembar kerja digital menyediakan perancah dan umpan balik segera yang berpotensi menopang siswa ber-AQ sedang dan rendah, tetapi bukti empirisnya masih didominasi desain jangka pendek tanpa pemilahan berdasarkan AQ. Kajian ini merekomendasikan penelitian yang menempatkan AQ sebagai variabel peninjau dalam implementasi PBL berbantuan lembar kerja digital pada jenjang SMP.