FORMATION OF INVESTMENT PORTFOLIOS AND RISK MANAGEMENT IN ENTERPRISES

In the modern business environment, effective investment portfolio management has become an essential factor in ensuring enterprise sustainability, financial stability, and long-term competitiveness. Enterprises operate under conditions of economic uncertainty, market fluctuations, inflation, changing interest rates, and various financial and operational risks. Therefore, the formation of a well-balanced investment portfolio and the implementation of effective risk management strategies are crucial for achieving sustainable financial performance. This article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of investment portfolio formation in enterprises, focusing on asset allocation, diversification, investment evaluation, and risk assessment. Particular attention is given to financial risk management methods, including portfolio diversification, sensitivity analysis, scenario analysis, and the Value at Risk (VaR) approach. The study also explores the importance of integrating investment planning with enterprise strategic objectives. The findings indicate that systematic portfolio management, supported by reliable financial information and continuous risk monitoring, can improve investment efficiency, reduce potential losses, and strengthen the long-term financial position of enterprises.