Characterization of Serum Biomacromolecular Response: Immunoglobulin and Cytokine Polymer Profiles in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Patients

ABSTRACT This study focuses on the quantitative analysis of two key classes of these macromolecules: the Immunoglobulin (Ig) polymers (IgA, IgM, IgG) and the Interleukin (IL) signaling oligomers (IL‐4, IL‐12, IL‐17) in CL patients undergoing Pentostam treatment. The investigation involved the structural characterization of these serum macromolecular profiles in 60 CL patients compared to 30 healthy controls from Ramadi City. The results demonstrate a marked increase in the concentration of all three Ig polymers (IgA, IgM, and IgG) in the CL cohort, suggesting a significant shift in the host's macromolecular synthesis and circulation dynamics. Concurrently, the levels of the signaling oligomers IL‐4, IL‐12, and IL‐17 were also found to be significantly elevated. Furthermore, a Pearson correlation analysis was performed to investigate the inter‐relationship and co‐regulation of these two distinct classes of serum macromolecules (cytokines and immunoglobulins) in the CL patient group. These findings provide critical insight into the macromolecular architecture of the host‐pathogen interface and the complex polymer‐polymer interactions that govern the immune response in leishmaniasis.