Intraoperative Objective Evaluation of Pediatric Cricopharyngeal Dysfunction Using Functional Luminal Imaging Probe: A Case Series

Dysphagia in the pediatric population is a complex clinical problem with significant implications for nutrition, respiratory health, and quality of life. Effective swallowing requires coordinated pharyngeal propulsion and timely opening of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) to permit bolus passage from the pharynx into the esophagus. The UES functions as a dynamic muscular valve, transiently relaxing during swallowing while maintaining baseline tone to prevent retrograde flow. Impaired relaxation, reduced compliance, or increased resistance at the level of the UES can result in impaired bolus transit, pharyngeal residue, aspiration risk, and clinically significant dysphagia.