PUBLIC HEALTH AND MANAGEMENT IN HEALTHCARE: MODERN APPROACHES, CHALLENGES, AND STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING HEALTH SYSTEM PERFORMANCE

Public health and healthcare management are essential components of sustainable healthcare systems, contributing to disease prevention, health promotion, equitable access to medical services, and improvements in population well-being. In the context of globalization, demographic changes, technological advancement, and increasing healthcare expenditures, effective management has become a critical determinant of healthcare quality and organizational performance. This article examines the theoretical foundations of public health and healthcare management, analyzes contemporary challenges affecting healthcare systems, and explores strategic approaches to improving healthcare efficiency, accessibility, and sustainability. The study employs a qualitative literature review, comparative analysis, and a conceptual systems-based approach to examine the relationship between managerial practices, public health policies, and healthcare outcomes. Particular attention is given to strategic planning, human resource management, digital health technologies, healthcare financing, quality assurance, and patient-centered care. The analysis suggests that integrated management models, evidence-based decision-making, effective leadership, and digital transformation can strengthen healthcare institutions and improve public health outcomes. The article also discusses healthcare reforms in Uzbekistan and identifies opportunities for strengthening healthcare governance, primary healthcare services, and institutional accountability. The findings provide a conceptual framework for policymakers, healthcare administrators, and public health professionals seeking to develop resilient, efficient, and equitable healthcare systems.