Explanation of the ergonomic components of safety shoes based on the experience of industry workers

Objectives. Safety shoes are essential for worker protection, yet ergonomic shortcomings may reduce usability and lead to non-compliance. This study aimed to identify ergonomic components of safety shoes based on industrial workers’ experiences. Methods. A qualitative content analysis was conducted using semi-structured interviews with 30 industrial employees in Kerman, Iran, with at least 1 year of safety shoe experience. Participants were purposively selected, and interviews continued until data saturation. Data were analyzed using open, axial and selective coding based on Graneheim and Lundman and on Corbin and Strauss, and used investigator triangulation to ensure trustworthiness. Results. Five primary categories and 14 subcategories affecting safety shoe use were identified: musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), negative effects on performance, skin and thermal discomfort, difficulties with shoelaces and donning/doffing, and individual feelings. These factors contributed to reduced usability and effectiveness, as shown in a paradigmatic model. Conclusion. Key usability-enhancing factors include appropriate alignment of upper and sole dimensions with foot anthropometry, reduced steel-component weight, greater material flexibility, softer and more breathable lining, effective adjusters (e.g., laces or zippers) and consideration of user preferences and safety culture. Manufacturers and occupational health professionals should prioritize these user-centered features to improve comfort, compliance and workplace safety.