Psychosocial Impact of the Vehicle-Ramming Attack on the Magdeburg Christmas Market in Germany: Protocol for the MD-Care Longitudinal Cohort Study

Abstract Background On December 20, 2024, a vehicle-ramming attack occurred at the Magdeburg Christmas market, resulting in 6 fatalities and more than 300 injuries. Mass violence incidents have the potential to cause long-lasting psychosocial consequences for directly and indirectly affected individuals. However, the outcomes can vary depending on relevant risk and protective factors. To improve the psychosocial aftercare of mass violence incidents in Germany, more research is essential. Objective The MD-Care study strives to examine the psychosocial impact of the vehicle-ramming attack on the Magdeburg Christmas market by investigating the levels, longitudinal trajectories, and associated factors and predictors regarding (1) psychosocial, mental health, and somatic burdens; (2) individual resources and protective factors; and (3) mental health service use and support needs. Methods The MD-Care study is a prospective longitudinal epidemiological study with 3 measurement time points. Data were collected pseudonymously via the online platform LimeSurvey. The baseline survey (t1; 3-month follow-up to the incident) was completed from March to April 2025. The 6-month follow-up (t2) was completed from June to July 2025. Finally, the 15-month follow-up survey (t3) was filled out by participants from March to April 2026. The surveys comprise standardized as well as self-developed ad hoc items addressing the objectives of the study. Results The t1 baseline survey was completed by 336 participants, of whom 131 reported being affected individuals. The t2 follow-up survey was completed by 256 (76.2%) participants, 110 of whom reported being affected (110/131, 84% retention of affected individuals). The t3 follow-up survey was completed by 193 (57.4%) participants, 84 of whom reported being affected (84/131, 64.1% retention of affected individuals). The average age of participants for t1 was 39.10 (SD 13.30) years, and 79.5% (267/336) of the t1 sample were women. No funding was received for the quantitative data collection of the MD-Care study. Data analysis started in October 2025 and is ongoing. The first results are expected to be published by the fourth quarter of 2026 or the first quarter of 2027. Conclusions The MD-Care study may contribute to the evidence base on the psychosocial impact of mass violence incidents, with a particular focus on vehicle-ramming attacks. The findings may inform the development of psychosocial emergency care, long-term support structures, and preparedness planning. Dissemination to relevant political and public health stakeholders will support the translation of the findings into practice and policy.