IoT-Based Smart Electrical Load Monitoring and Control System

Electrical loads are often operated without continuous information about voltage, current, energy use or unsafe operating conditions. This paper proposes an Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart electrical load monitoring and control system that measures electrical parameters, estimates energy consumption, provides a mobile-accessible monitoring interface and allows authorized users to switch connected loads remotely. A controller receives data from suitable voltage and current sensing circuits, calculates power and accumulated energy, and communicates readings through a wireless network. When measured current or power exceeds a configured safe threshold, the controller can disconnect a load through an appropriately rated switching device and notify the user. The architecture is divided into four modules: user dashboard, sensing and data acquisition, processing and cloud communication, and load control and protection. The proposed system aims to improve visibility of consumption, simplify device management and support safer operation. Performance evaluation is planned; no measured results are claimed in this manuscript.