Advances in HIV-associated pulmonary diseases: an official American Thoracic Society workshop report

People with HIV (PWH) are at increased risk of a broad range of infectious and non-infectious pulmonary diseases. Since the last ATS Workshop on HIV-associated pulmonary disease, large national and international cohorts have demonstrated ongoing gaps in our understanding of lung disease in this vulnerable population that range from underappreciation of disease incidence and prevalence to lack of targeted treatments. Translational work on the underlying mechanisms of disease has demonstrated novel, HIV-specific mechanisms that may lend themselves to tailored therapies. Twenty-four experts in HIV-associated lung disease from across the translational spectrum were invited to participate in this ATS-sponsored Workshop utilizing a modified Delphi method that included a series of pre- and post-workshop electronic surveys and a two-day virtual workshop. Lung disease among PWH is driven by complex and interrelated mechanisms including persistent immune dysregulation, oxidative stress, accelerated aging, and microbiome alterations. Despite these advances in our understanding, important gaps persist between mechanistic insights and clinical care that include limited HIV-specific trials, underrepresentation of PWH in studies of lung disease, and the absence of tailored care strategies. These gaps are further accentuated by substantial variation in the availability of data from the most affected populations, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and among children and adolescents. Overcoming these challenges will require coordinated, globally representative research efforts that leverage large cohorts, integrate multi-omics and longitudinal phenotyping, use mechanistic insights to inform clinical trials, and consider implementation science approaches with the ultimate goal of developing tailored prevention and treatment strategies for HIV-associated pulmonary diseases.

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

Journal
Annals of the American Thoracic Society
Published
2026-11-03
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1093/annalsats/aaoag333
Primary Topic
HIV-related health complications and treatments
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

Advances in HIV-associated pulmonary diseases: an official American Thoracic Society workshop report

JOSALYN L CHO, Ioannis Konstantinidis, Sara C. Auld, Christina M. Schofield et al.
Annals of the American Thoracic Society
HIV-related health complications and treatments
article

Advances in HIV-associated pulmonary diseases: an official American Thoracic Society workshop report

JOSALYN L CHO, Ioannis Konstantinidis, Sara C. Auld, Christina M. Schofield, Engi Farouk Attia, Crystal M. North, Obianuju Beatrice Ozoh, Xin Yang Hu, Roy L. Sutliff, Priscilla Y. Hsue, Samantha M. Yeligar, David V. Mhango, Robert J. Kaner, Kristina A. Crothers, Bashar S. Staitieh, Sweta Patel, Marc C.I. Lipman, Jamilah Z Meghji, Laurence Huang, Rashida A. Ferrand, Jerry S. Zifodya, Refiloe Masekela, Ken M. Kunisaki, Janice M. Leung, Sweta M. Patel, Laurence Huang, Alison Morris, Xin Hu, the American Thoracic Society Assembly on Pulmonary Infections and Tuberculosis
article en

Abstract

People with HIV (PWH) are at increased risk of a broad range of infectious and non-infectious pulmonary diseases. Since the last ATS Workshop on HIV-associated pulmonary disease, large national and international cohorts have demonstrated ongoing gaps in our understanding of lung disease in this vulnerable population that range from underappreciation of disease incidence and prevalence to lack of targeted treatments. Translational work on the underlying mechanisms of disease has demonstrated novel, HIV-specific mechanisms that may lend themselves to tailored therapies. Twenty-four experts in HIV-associated lung disease from across the translational spectrum were invited to participate in this ATS-sponsored Workshop utilizing a modified Delphi method that included a series of pre- and post-workshop electronic surveys and a two-day virtual workshop. Lung disease among PWH is driven by complex and interrelated mechanisms including persistent immune dysregulation, oxidative stress, accelerated aging, and microbiome alterations. Despite these advances in our understanding, important gaps persist between mechanistic insights and clinical care that include limited HIV-specific trials, underrepresentation of PWH in studies of lung disease, and the absence of tailored care strategies. These gaps are further accentuated by substantial variation in the availability of data from the most affected populations, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and among children and adolescents. Overcoming these challenges will require coordinated, globally representative research efforts that leverage large cohorts, integrate multi-omics and longitudinal phenotyping, use mechanistic insights to inform clinical trials, and consider implementation science approaches with the ultimate goal of developing tailored prevention and treatment strategies for HIV-associated pulmonary diseases.

Annals of the American Thoracic Society
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US), Tulane University (US), University of Iowa (US), Harvard University (US), University of British Columbia (CA), Emory University (US), University of California, Los Angeles (US), University of Pittsburgh (US), Duke University (US), University of California, San Francisco (US), University of Lagos (NG), University of Washington (US), Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme (MW), The Royal Free Hospital (GB), University of California System (US), Massachusetts General Hospital (US), London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (GB), Boise VA Medical Center (US), VA Puget Sound Health Care System (US), Biomedical Research and Training Institute (ZW), Pulmonary and Allergy Associates (US), Africa Health Research Institute (ZA), VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System (US), Atlanta VA Health Care System (US), Atlanta VA Medical Center (US), Pulmonary and Critical Care Associates (US), Weill Cornell Medicine (US), Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (CA), Weill Cornell Medical Center (US), University College London (GB), Imperial College London (GB), Wellcome Trust (GB), University of KwaZulu-Natal (ZA)
Openalex Percentile: Top 11%
HIV-related health complications and treatments
DOISourceOpenAlex
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.

Laika access coming soon