Open‐Source and Commercial 3‐Dimensional Computed Tomography Methods Show Limited Agreement for Classifying Acetabular Morphology in Patients Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy

Purpose To compare acetabular morphology classifications derived from a validated open‐source (freely available) method with those derived from commercially available software in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome. Methods We analyzed preoperative 3‐dimensional computed tomography imaging in patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome using open‐source and commercial software. The open‐source method calculated acetabular coverage across 5 regions and generated z ‐scores relative to an internal normative database. Hips with z ‐scores ≥2 or ≤−2 were classified as abnormal. The commercial method categorized hips as normal, undercovered, or overcovered based on published thresholds (lateral center‐edge angle, Tönnis angle, coverage percentage, and crossover sign) and focal depth mapping. The primary outcome was categorical agreement between methods. Results Seventy‐six hips (55 women, 21 men; mean age 35.5 ± 12.3 years) were included. The open‐source method classified 58/76 hips as normal, 10/76 as dysplastic, and 8/76 as overcovered. The commercial method classified 14/76 hips as normal, 29/76 as undercovered, and 33/76 as overcovered. A total of 23/76 hips were classified the same in both systems and called agreed. Disagreements (53/76 hips) fell into 3 categories: (1) essentially similar despite different labels because of borderline z ‐scores or small focal areas (n = 24), (2) disagreements driven by Tönnis angle alone (n = 8), and (3) true disagreements (n = 21). Notably, 5 hips (6.6%) showed opposite classifications (e.g., dysplastic vs overcovered). Subanalysis of z ‐scores showed that 69.8% of disagreements reflected borderline morphology ( z ‐scores of ±1‐2). Conclusions Although both open‐source and commercial methods provide 3‐dimensional classification of acetabular morphology, categorical agreement was limited. Most disagreements reflected borderline morphology or small focal areas of uncertain clinical relevance. A minority showed true classification opposites. Clinical Relevance Awareness of the methodological differences between open‐source and commercial 3‐dimensional computed tomography platforms may help surgeons appropriately interpret acetabular morphology classifications during preoperative planning for patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome.

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Publication Details

Journal
Arthroscopy Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation
Published
2026-11-03
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/ars2.70148
Primary Topic
Hip disorders and treatments
Type
article
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article

Open‐Source and Commercial 3‐Dimensional Computed Tomography Methods Show Limited Agreement for Classifying Acetabular Morphology in Patients Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy

R. S. GREWAL, Kevin C. Parvaresh, Vidyadhar V. Upasani, Matthew R. Schmitz et al.
Arthroscopy Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation
Hip disorders and treatments
article

Open‐Source and Commercial 3‐Dimensional Computed Tomography Methods Show Limited Agreement for Classifying Acetabular Morphology in Patients Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy

R. S. GREWAL, Kevin C. Parvaresh, Vidyadhar V. Upasani, Matthew R. Schmitz, James D. Bomar, Ashley A Ellingwood, Henry M Gass, Byron V.L. Beasley, Daniel Woo, Alisha Chen
article en

Abstract

Purpose To compare acetabular morphology classifications derived from a validated open‐source (freely available) method with those derived from commercially available software in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome. Methods We analyzed preoperative 3‐dimensional computed tomography imaging in patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome using open‐source and commercial software. The open‐source method calculated acetabular coverage across 5 regions and generated z ‐scores relative to an internal normative database. Hips with z ‐scores ≥2 or ≤−2 were classified as abnormal. The commercial method categorized hips as normal, undercovered, or overcovered based on published thresholds (lateral center‐edge angle, Tönnis angle, coverage percentage, and crossover sign) and focal depth mapping. The primary outcome was categorical agreement between methods. Results Seventy‐six hips (55 women, 21 men; mean age 35.5 ± 12.3 years) were included. The open‐source method classified 58/76 hips as normal, 10/76 as dysplastic, and 8/76 as overcovered. The commercial method classified 14/76 hips as normal, 29/76 as undercovered, and 33/76 as overcovered. A total of 23/76 hips were classified the same in both systems and called agreed. Disagreements (53/76 hips) fell into 3 categories: (1) essentially similar despite different labels because of borderline z ‐scores or small focal areas (n = 24), (2) disagreements driven by Tönnis angle alone (n = 8), and (3) true disagreements (n = 21). Notably, 5 hips (6.6%) showed opposite classifications (e.g., dysplastic vs overcovered). Subanalysis of z ‐scores showed that 69.8% of disagreements reflected borderline morphology ( z ‐scores of ±1‐2). Conclusions Although both open‐source and commercial methods provide 3‐dimensional classification of acetabular morphology, categorical agreement was limited. Most disagreements reflected borderline morphology or small focal areas of uncertain clinical relevance. A minority showed true classification opposites. Clinical Relevance Awareness of the methodological differences between open‐source and commercial 3‐dimensional computed tomography platforms may help surgeons appropriately interpret acetabular morphology classifications during preoperative planning for patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome.

Arthroscopy Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation
University of San Diego (US), University of California San Diego (US), Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego (US), Clovis Oncology (United States) (US), Hoag Orthopedic Institute (US)
Openalex Percentile: Top 11%
Hip disorders and treatments
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