Overview of Design and Control Technologies for Bionic Prosthetic Hands

The human hand is one of the body's most dexterous organs, profoundly influencing activities of daily living and social participation. Bionic prosthetic hands are a major focus in rehabilitation robotics and can help people with upper-limb disabilities restore hand movement and sensory function. To clarify the development status of bionic prosthetic hand technology, this paper primarily focuses on mechanical design and provides a review of bionic hand design, control, and grasping performance. In terms of structural design, the paper summarizes the design principles of bionic hands based on human anatomical structures and movement mechanisms, along with various methods for driving hand movements; in control, it reviews the application of various sensors and multi-degree-of-freedom controls; regarding grasping, it introduces grasping techniques and adaptive grasping methods. On this basis, the paper analyzes existing shortcomings of bionic hands in dexterity, control stability, sensory feedback, cost management, and durability, and discusses future prospects for lightweight, intelligent, and human-robot integrated development.