An Architectural and Conservation Analysis of the Possibility of Planting New Trees in Historic Urban Spaces: Sustainable Heritage Management on the Example of the Main Market Square in Krakow, a UNESCO World Heritage Site

This article discusses the research that formed the scientific and substantive basis for selecting appropriate locations for planting trees in Kraków’s Market Square. This conservation and archaeological protected area has a rich surface architectural heritage and a complex underground stratigraphy, including numerous relics and cultural layers. The article presents the analytical and non-invasive field research methods employed, including the authors’ stage method, which they developed themselves and which allows for the consistent designation and elimination of exclusion zones from the market space. This methodology can support investment of this kind in urban historic zones subject to stringent legal regulations, including those listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The issue raised in the article is relevant due to the increased demand for urban greening in an era of climate change and rising summer temperatures. Such projects affect various areas of the city, often including city squares. This contradicts the basic function of the square, particularly in a historical context. The preservation of historical spaces, such as the one analysed here, is crucial and takes precedence over social initiatives. This is why it is important to pursue sustainable policies for managing historic cities. In this type of project, it is important to recognise that not every urban space is suitable for such undertakings because conservation restrictions can significantly impact the outcome of the project, failing to deliver the expected results. The policy must be aware of the specific historical conditions of such spaces. The authors hope that this case will serve as a starting point for further discussions on the rules of conduct for such projects.