Zenopsis filamentosa Kai et Tashiro 2019

Zenopsis filamentosa Kai et Tashiro, 2019 New Chinese name: 長絲鰭雨印鯛 (Figs 1, 2, 3; Tables 1, 2) Zenopsis filamentosa Kai et Tashiro, 2019. — Kai and Tashiro (2019): 341, figs. 1 a, 2 a, 3 a (Type locality: Tosa Bay, off Okitsu, Kochi Prefecture, Japan, ca. 33.1°N, 133.3°E, 280 m). — Wada et al. (2021): 43 (southwestern Satsuma Peninsula, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan). — Koeda et al. (2022): 78 (catalog of specimens). — Koreeda and Motomura (2025): 28 (Koshiki Islands, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan). Zeus faber (non Linnaeus). — Shen (1984): 26, pl. 26, 249-1 a (in part, northeastern Taiwan). Specimens examined. NMMB-P 35905, 114.9 mm SL, off Daxi fishing port (24°53'37"N, 121°55'26"E), Yilan, northeastern Taiwan, 13 Aug. 2021, coll. Y. Su. NKUST-HO 00002, 69.7 mm SL, off Nan-fang-ao fishing port (24°35'N, 121°52'E), Yilan, northeastern Taiwan, 18 May 2026, coll. W.-C. Lin. Paired characters are presented as left / right whenever available. L data taken from left side. * On spinous + soft dorsal-fin base. ** Anterior to pelvic fin + between pelvic and anal fins + on anal-fin base. HT, holotype; NT, non-type (s); PT, paratypes. HT, holotype; NT, non-type (s); PT, paratypes. Description of Taiwanese specimens. Meristic and morphometric data are shown in Tables 1–2. Dorsal-fin rays IX, 24–25. Anal-fin rays III, 23–24. Pectoral-fin rays 12 / 12, all unbranched. Pelvic-fin rays I, 5. Principal caudal-fin rays 6 + 7; procurrent caudal-fin rays 1 and 1–2 on upper and lower lobes, respectively. Gill rakers 3–4 + 7–8 = 10–12. Pseudobranchial filaments 17. Body extremely deep and compressed, rhombus in outline, deepest between origins of dorsal and anal fins; dorsal and ventral profiles strongly convex. Head somewhat rectangular, dorsal margin of head slightly concave (nearly straight in smaller individual). Snout moderately long, broadly triangular. Orbit rounded, except for small convexity at dorsal-anterior corner; dorsal rim with bony ridge, anterior end of frontal forming spine, posterior portion 2 or 3 blunt, flat spines; and one short ridge on lateral ethmoid, situated in front of eye at about level of lower 1 / 3 of eye, ended with one blunt spine on orbital rim. Mouth superior, moderately large, strongly oblique and protrusible; mandible not fully included when mouth closed, posterior maxilla truncate, its end well in front of eye. Mandible long, with two small spines at front and one large triangular plate behind, ended by a strong spine. Two small knob-like spines on joint of mandible and preopercle. Small knob-like spines on upper ends of hyomandibula and post-temporal. Two nostrils close to each other, situated right in front of upper corner of eye; anterior nostril rounded, posterior a kidney-shaped pore. Teeth small and caniniform, those on upper jaw arranged in 2 irregular rows anteriorly, followed by a gap, and then in single row posteriorly; those on lower jaw forming single row of small teeth. No teeth on vomer and palatines. Upper portion of four gill arches connected to each other by membranes, posterior margin of fourth arch entirely attached to body; gill filaments well developed in all gill arches. Gill rakers short and blunt, present in all four gill arches. Lateral line strongly arched below spinous portion of dorsal fin; posteriorly running along body axis. Pseudobranch well developed with long filaments. Dorsal fin with long base, its origin before vertical through posterior margin of opercle; dorsal-fin spines long, with third longest; anterior seven spines with filamentous membranes, extremely long on second to fourth, more than twice SL; eighth and ninth spines bearing short filament at tips; soft rays uniformly short. Anal fin with long base, about symmetrical to soft-rayed portion of dorsal fin; three short, robust spines, first spine longest, third spine short and movable, not fused with supporting pterygiophore. Pectoral fin situated below posterior 1 / 3 of eye, with narrow base, fin rays not especially long, upper rays longer, gradually shorter on lower portion. Pelvic fin extremely long, extending to about 1 / 3 of anal-fin base; its spine also long and slender. Caudal fin slightly emarginate (truncate in smaller specimen). Dorsal-fin base with 13–14 large bucklers along dorsal-fin base, 6–7 on spinous portion, 7 on soft-rayed portion; 6 th or 7 th to 13 th or 14 th bucklers bearing strong spine directed upward, no spines on anterior 4–5 bucklers. Four bucklers (1 single + 3 pairs) on ventral midline anterior to pelvic fin; one single buckler right behind pelvic-fin base followed by two rows of bucklers, 6–7 in each row, on ventral margin between pelvic fins and anus; each buckler bearing a single posteriorly directed spine. One row of 7 or 8, with last one small, large bucklers along base of soft-rayed part of anal fin, each buckler with single spine directed posteroventrally; no bucklers above anal-fin spines. Body smooth, without scales, except for small scales on lateral line. Coloration (Figs 1, 2). When fresh, body silvery white with many rounded markings. Spinous dorsal fin with black blotches, with filamentous rays black, occasionally with white blotches; soft-ray portion of dorsal fin pale; dorsal-fin base dusky, with two indistinct blotches. Pectoral fin slightly dusky, its base black. Pelvic fin with about 5 alternating pairs of pale and black stripes. Anal fin with blotches along its base and on membrane between first two spines; soft-ray portion pale. Caudal fin slightly dusky, with its base and distal margin black. When preserved, color similar to fresh. Dorsal margins of head, nape, and dorsal- and anal-fin bases dark. Oral cavity, including underside of tongue pale, slightly dusky; gill arches, rakers, and peritoneum pale. Distribution. As no voucher specimens were indicated in Shen (1984), our specimens represent the first specimen-based record from Taiwan. This species appears to be widely distributed in the western Pacific, including Japan, Kyushu – Palau Ridge, Taiwan, Fiji, Tonga, and New Zealand (Kai and Tashiro 2019; Fig. 3).